FREUDENSTEIN, JOHN V.1* and FRED W. CASE2. 1Ohio State University Herbarium, Dept. of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, Columbus, OH 43212; 2Cranbrook Institute of Science, Bloomfield Hills, MI 48303. - Relationships among pitcher plant species (Sarracenia) based on plastid DNA sequence analysis.
Sarracenia comprises eleven species of leaf-pitcher carnivorous
angiosperms that are concentrated in the southeastern United States,
with S. purpurea ranging more widely north and west. Although
previous sequencing work has indicated that Heliamphora is
sister to a monophyletic Sarracenia, and that the western North
American Darlingtonia is sister to Heliamphora +
Sarracenia, little resolution among the closely related
Sarracenia species has emerged. In this study, DNA sequencing
of plastid spacer regions has uncovered sufficient variation to
construct a plastid DNA cladogram for the species. Two principal
groups of species are resolved - one clade comprising S. minor, S.
oreophila and S. jonesii, and another comprising the
remainder of the species. In the former clade, S. minor is
sister to S. oreophila + S. jonesii, both species of
mountain habitats and of conservation concern. Sarracenia minor
is more broadly distributed on the coastal plain, as are many of the
species in the other principal clade, which includes S. flava, S.
purpurea, S. rubra, S. alabamensis, S. leucophylla, and S.
psittacina. The placement of S. rubra and S. jonesii
in different clades contradicts previous hypotheses of relationship,
in which they have sometimes been considered conspecific entities.
This relationship is subject to further population sampling, as
plastid introgression is also a possible explanation for the pattern.
The diminutive stature that characterizes both S. purpurea and
S. psittacina appears to be apomorphic in the genus and
independently derived.
Key words: phylogenetic relationships, plastid DNA, Sarracenia