The genus Symphonia (Clusiaceae) is comprised of 26 species, 24 in Madagascar and two in Africa and the New World tropics. Phylogenetic analysis using the internal transcribed spacer region of nrDNA revealed the presence of two monophyletic groups separating the Malagasy species with those from Africa and the neotropics. Calibration of this tree indicated an African origin and subsequent long-distance dispersals occurring in the mid-late Tertiary. Significant heterogeneity in morphological variation between the two clades was found, which may be correlated with the ages of divergence.

Key words: biogeography, Clusiaceae, ITS, morphological variation, Symphonia