The utility of low-copy nuclear sequences from the second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2) for phylogenetic analysis is examined in Malvaceae s.s. (Malvoideae), a family which is c. 40 million years old. A c. 700 base pair region which includes three small introns produced well-supported and well-resolved results consistent with cpDNA phylogenies for the family. However, this region is not present as a single copy in this family - it is duplicated in Hibiscus and several related genera. The phylogenetic inference from each copy is very similar, although both copies were not recovered for all taxa sampled. Allopolyploid events were identified in several lineages within Hibiscus. Two examples of pseudogenisation were also inferred.

Key words: allopolyploidy, gene duplication, Malvaceae, rpb2