BOCIOAGA, DANIELA and MITMAN GRANT.* Department of Geochemistry; Biological Sciences, Montana Tech of the University of Montana, Butte, MT. - Alternatives for Bioremediation of Acidic Berkeley Pit Lake.
New technologies are experienced to clean contaminated sites.
Bioremediation is one of the methods considered for cleaning abandoned
mine sites, since most of the time it is less costly and
environmentally friendly. The Berkeley Pit lake is one of these mine
sites, part of the largest Superfund site in the United States, with a
very low pH (2.7) and high concentration of heavy metals.
Bioremediation is considered a possibility to clean this acidic lake,
since organisms were found to live in this very harsh environment with
a low pH, high concentration of heavy metals and undetectable organic
carbon. Six species of algae and several species of yeast, bacteria,
fungi, protozoans and an insect were found to live in Berkeley Pit
water. Most of the studies for bioremediation potential were focused
on five species of algae: Chromulina freiburgensis Dofl.,Chlorella
vulgaris Beijerinck,Chlorella ellipsoidea Gernek Chlamydomonas
acidophila Negoro and Euglena mutabilis Schmitz. These algae are
photosynthetic and do not need organic carbon, but can become a source
of organic carbon and may become the base of a trophic system, which
seem to actually exist in Berkeley Pit in a simple form-algae seem to
sustain the bacteria, fungi, yeast , protozoans comunities. Studies
have been done to determine the nitrogen and phosphorus requirements
to insure the best algal growth in the Berkeley pit water conditions
and to determine the best bioremediator of the five species of algae
considered for their bioremediation potential. Further research will
focuse on the dynamic of the sorption process (which is the capacity
of algae of retaining metals on their surface or inside the cell) and
to determine what is the contribution of bacteria populations in the
sorption process.
Key words: Montana Tech