NUEZ, FERNANDO, JAIME PROHENS*, and JOSE M. BLANCA. Centro de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain. - Ecotypes of wild Galápagos tomatoes.
A recent survey of Lycopersicon populations in the Galápagos
Islands and a subsequent morphological characterization has permitted
distinguishing four ecotypes of wild tomatoes. Three of them
correspond to the previously described native forms L.
cheesmanii f. cheesmanii, f. minor and Gal
ppn., which are found in undisturbed environments. All of them
have orange fruits and can be distinguished because f.
cheesmanii and f. minor have very short internodes and
somewhat succulent leaves, while Gal ppn. does not. Also, f.
cheesmanii and f. minor are usually found in coastal
areas, although f. minor is more abundant. Gal ppn.
thrives in inner areas with a higher degree of soil humidity. On the
other hand, f. minor is distinguished from f.
cheesmanii, because the former has highly dissected leaves. The
fourth ecotype corresponds to a previously unreported red-fruited type
found in disturbed and wet soil areas in inhabited Santa Cruz Island
and that is very similar in gross morphology to continental L.
pimpinellifolium. Apart from these ecotypes, it is also possible
to found cultivated L. esculentum var. esculentum and
weedy L. esculentum var. cerasiforme. Preliminary data
from AFLP analysis of wild Galápagos tomatoes, L. esculentum
and continental wild L. pimpinellifolium show that L.
cheesmanii can be unambiguously distinguished from L.
esculentum and L. pimpinellifolium, and that all L.
cheesmanii forms share a common genetic background. Despite
similar morphology to L. pimpinellifolium the red-fruited wild
tomatoes from Santa Cruz are genetically unrelated to L.
pimpinellifolium or to L. cheesmanii and very close to
L. esculentum var. cerasiforme and L. esculentum
var. esculentum. All the evidences suggest that this
red-fruited ecotype has appeared recently in the Galápagos Islands and
that L. esculentum has had a main role in its origin.
Key words: AFLPs, Galápagos Islands, L cheesmanii, L. esculentum, L. pimpinellifolium, Lycopersicon