NIKOLOVA, IANA* and JUDITH M. CANNE-HILLIKER. Department of Botany, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada. - Comparative floral development of Agalinis (Scrophulariaceae s.l.).
Agalinis Raf., consisting of about 40 species, is the largest,
most wide spread and taxonomically complex genus of hemiparasites in
the eastern U.S.A. and Canada. Part of the Scrophulariaceae until
recently, Agalinis now appears to be more closely related to
the Orobanchaceae based on current molecular data. Despite the recent
flurry of studies, the evolutionary affinity of the genus within the
family is unresolved. In addition, while shared floral, vegetative,
morphological and anatomical features characterize each section within
Agalinis, the phylogenetic relationships among the different
sections remain unclear. Based on revisions by Canne-Hilliker,
currently North American Agalinis is composed of seven
sections. The work presented here examined the floral development of
representative species from five sections of Agalinis in order
to determine the developmental characters that result in the
characteristic floral form of each section. Species from the sections
Heterophyllae and Agalineae were studied previously.
This study investigated A. linifolia, A. divaricata,
A. pulchella, A. obtusifolia, and A. plukenetii
from the sections Linifoliae, Tenuifoliae,
Pedunculares, Erectae and Setaceae, respectively.
The species differ in many of the developmental markers examined. Some
of the differences occur in relative time of appearance, shape and
size of floral primordia. The timing of style elongation relative to
ovule formation and to anther development also differs. Variation also
occurs in calyx characteristics, such as shape of lobes and relative
size of lobes to throat. During mid ontogeny, shape of style, location
of stigmatic papillae, form of filaments, and shape, size and
orientation of anthers diversify among taxa. Close to anthesis species
differ in bud shape, relative length of abaxial to adaxial corolla
throats, shape and size of corolla lobes, as well as style and anther
positions. Zygomorphy is established at inception of primordia and is
accentuated or reduced to varying degrees during development.
Key words: Agalinis(Scrophulariaceae s.l.), development, flower, ontogeny, Orobanchaceae