CLAERBOUT, ANN E.1*, JANICE M. COONS1, HENRY R. OWEN2, and BRENT L. TODD2. 1Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801; 2Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920. - Floral biology of Lesquerella ludoviciana, an endangered plant in Illinois.
Lesquerella ludoviciana (Nutt.) S. Wats. (silvery bladderpod)
(Brassicaceae) is an endangered plant of Illinois sand prairies, where
natural populations occur only in the Henry Allen Gleason Nature
Preserve (Mason County). Flowers bloom in spring. Both self and
cross-pollination occurs within other Lesquerella species. Objectives
were to determine how photoperiod affects flower development and
whether flowers are self or cross-pollinated. Seeds were collected
from the Nature Preserve and grown in greenhouses. For photoperiod
studies, fifteen plants each were placed in long (sixteen hours) and
short (eight hours) days in greenhouses. Number of inflorescences and
number of open flowers were recorded weekly for 15 weeks. For
pollination studies, flower stalks were manipulated with
self-pollination or cross-pollination, emasculation or no
emasculation, and bagged or not bagged (2 x 2 x 2), with two
replications of each combination. Pollination was considered
successful if fruit developed. Plants developed inflorescences after
20 and 28 days in the long and short photoperiod, respectively. Number
of inflorescences/plant increased steadily for both photoperiods
throughout the 15 weeks. Plants in short days produced more
inflorescences (10.8 per plant) compared to those in long day (7.2 per
plant). Long day plants had open flowers starting at 41 days relative
to 56 days for short day plants. Bloom peaked at 4.9 flowers/plant/day
at 83 days in long days, and at 3.5 flowers/plant/day at 98 days in
short days. The most successful pollination method was
cross-pollination with no emasculation and not bagged flower stalks.
Photoperiod was determined not to be a requirement for flower
initiation, but affected flower development. Short day plants
developed more inflorescences, but did not necessarily produce fully
developed flowers compared to long day plants. Plants appeared to be
self-incompatible.
Key words: Brassicaceae, endangered plant, photoperiod, pollination, sand prairie