VOGT, FREDERICK W.* and LISA D. BOUCHER. Department of Biology, University of Nebraska-Omaha, 6001 Dodge St., Omaha, NE 68182. - Paleoclimate estimates from the Late Cretaceous San Juan Basin using leaf physiognomy.
We used leaf characters to estimate the paleoclimate of a Late
Cretaceous floodplain depositional environment located in present-day
northwestern New Mexico. Woody dicot species were collected from this
area to determine the Mean Annual Temperature (MAT) and Mean Annual
Precipitation (MAP) using both uni- and multi-variate methods. From
the same stratigraphic level within the Fruitland-Kirtland Formations,
greater than 150 specimens from 3 sites representing more than 21
morphotypes were sampled. Specimens were plotted on a collection curve
to ensure species numbers reached saturation during sampling. Leaf
margin analysis, a technique that compares the percentage of entire
margin to non-entire margin leaves, was used to measure paleo MAT. In
addition, the relationship between the mean natural logarithm of the
leaf areas of the species in a sample (MlnA) and precipitation was
used to measure the paleo MAP. Our initial results indicate that the
San Juan Basin was warm and humid during this time with a MAT of 26.2
± 2.5°C and MAP of 118.1 cm. For another estimate of paleoclimate, a
multivariate approach employing the CLAMP 3B database was used. Our
initial results with this method indicate a MAT of 17.5°C with cold
month mean temperature of 9.7°C and warm month mean temperature of
26.1°C and a mean growing season precipitation of 139.0 cm. These
estimates are consistent with qualitative evidence, such as the
presence of palms, gingers, weakly developed to absent growth rings in
wood, and crocodilian remains. Differences between the temperature
estimates may be due to several factors, such as taphonomic effects
and sample size, and will be addressed. This research contributes to
our knowledge of paleoclimate during the Late Cretaceous and provides
measured variables to consider when comparing paleoecological data
among regions.
Key words: Cretaceous, leaf physiognomy, paleoclimate