LITTLE, STEFAN A.* and RUTH A. STOCKEY. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada. - Fossil Duabanga-like leaves (Lythraceae) from the Princeton chert.
Several permineralized dicot leaf fragments, up to 19 mm long, have
been found in close association with fruits, stems and roots of
Decodon allenbyensis Cevallos-Ferriz et Stockey in the
Middle Eocene Princeton chert of British Columbia, Canada. Leaves are
70 mm wide at the lamina and mid-ribs are
approximately 235 mm thick with a prominent
C-shaped midvein. Adaxial epidermis is composed of rectangular cells
and lacks enlarged mucilage cells. Leaves are dorsiventral with a
double palisade layer that is slightly thicker than the spongy
mesophyll. Vascular bundles possess sclerenchymatous bundle sheaths.
The abaxial epidermis is made up of cells with prominent papillae that
are not observed on the mid-rib. Abaxial leaf surfaces are infected by
fungi that form black-colored stromata. The fossil leaves are similar
to leaves of Myrtales and are compared closely to those of Lythraceae
sensu lato. Leaves share most anatomical similarities
with Duabanga grandiflora (Duabangoideae). Vascular
tissues, palisade and spongy mesophyll, bundle fibers, and abaxial
epidermal papillae are all similar to the fossil leaves from the
Princeton chert. Duabanga grandiflora, however, shows
adaxial mucilage cells and a more pronounced abaxial midrib than those
of the fossil leaves. Duabanga, previously placed in
Sonneratiaceae, has been considered part of Lythraceae by several
workers. Although recent phylogenetic analyses place Duabanga
and Decodon in separate clades within Lythraceae, relationships
between clades are not well supported. Therefore, these fossil leaves
help to examine relationships between these groups using anatomical
characters. Further fossil reconstruction including documentation for
attachment of leaves to the Decodon allenbyensis
vegetative body will help to test phylogenetic hypotheses.
Key words: Decodon, Duabangoideae, Eocene, leaf histology, Lythraceae, Sonneratiaceae