Rosaceae are important for many edible and commercial fruits, ornamentals, and ecologically significant species. Understanding the evolutionary history and systematics of the family has been hampered by its large size, considerable geologic age, hybridization, polyploidy, agamospermy, indistinct boundaries between taxa, and complex relationships among taxa. The primary objectives of this colloquium are to synthesize and discuss what is known about the evolution and phylogeny of the family in reproductive biology (including agamospermy, polyploidy, and hybridization), in the evolution of flowers and fruit, in taxonomically challenging genera (such as Crataegus, Rubus, and Sorbus), and in the phylogeny of the two largest clades, Maloideae and Rosoideae, and of the entire family. A phylogenetic perspective will advance our understanding of evolution of the Rosaceae and stimulate and direct future research in the family.

Key words: phylogeny, Rosaceae, systematics