MACNAIR, MARK R. School of Biological Sciences, University of Exeter, Hatherly Laboratories, Prince of Wales Rd, Exeter, EX4 4PS, UK. - The evolution of self fertilisation in the Mimulus guttatus complex.
The evolution of self fertilisation from outcrossing ancestors is one
of the principal recurring themes in plant evolution. Mimulus
guttatus sensu strictu is a widespread outcrossing perennial
occurring in damp environments throughout Western North America. It
has colonised similar habitats in temperate regions around the world.
It is the progenitor of a number of autogamous species, including
M. nasutus, M. pardalis, M. laciniatus, M.
marmoratus and M. cupriphilus. Two autogamous strategies
are found: M. nasutus and M. laciniatus are partially
cleistogamous, and anther dehiscence occurs before anthesis. In M.
pardalis and M. cupriphilus anther dehiscence occurs
shortly after anthesis, but floral size is much reduced so that pollen
is automatically deposited on the stigma. Analysis of crosses between
the various species shows that all floral characters are highly
genetically correlated, and that the selfing character has evolved as
a consequence of the reduction in floral size. In M. nasutus,
however, a fundamental shift in allocation to male and female function
has occurred. Most of the autogamous derivatives of M. guttatus
have rather specialised ecologies, and autogamy may have evolved to
provide reproductive assurance, but also serves to protect the
co-adapted gene complex from gene flow from M. guttatus.
Analysis of microsatellite variation between sympatric populations
of M. guttatus and autogamous derivatives is revealing the
extent to which gene flow occurs, and thus allows us to infer the
adaptive value of the morphological characters distinguishing the
species.
Key words: Autogamy, edaphic endemics, genetic architecture, Mimulus